Ka-band Phase Shifter for Tri-band (L-, Ku-, Ka-bands) Soil Moisture Smart Antenna Array

Soil moisture is a critical parameter in agriculture and weather forecasting, requiring continuous monitoring. Remote sensing radiometers offer a valuable tool for mapping soil moisture over large areas and developing comprehensive climate models when combined with other environmental measurements. Integrating multiple frequency bands, including L-band, Ku-band, and Ka-band, within a single system has the potential to provide high spatial resolution and deep penetration. The primary objective of this thesis is to design Ka-band phase shifters and integrate them into a Ka-band antenna array, creating a cost-effective and planar smart antenna array for soil moisture remote sensing applications.