In animals, events occurring early in life can have profound effects on subsequent life-history events. Early developmental stresses often produce negative long-lasting impacts, although positive effe
Chronic stress during pregnancy is considered a significant risk factor that can negatively affect the development of organs and systems in offspring. The spleen, as a central immune organ, is particu
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a role in innate immunity and is used in animal models of maternal immune activation. The current study attempted to clarify the effect of LPS exposure on the dentate gy
Here, we use in vivo labeling at defined anatomical sites for "provance" tracking of immune cells across compartmental borders in the context of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Specif
Immunity changes through ontogeny and can mediate facilitative and inhibitory interactions among co-infecting parasite species. In amphibians, most immune memory is not carried through metamorphosis,
