CHANGES IN AORTIC HEMODYNAMICS IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES

Congenital heart diseases are among the most common cardiovascular pathologies in children and are frequently associated with significant hemodynamic disturbances in the aorta. Structural abnormalities of the heart and great vessels lead to altered blood flow, pressure overload, turbulent circulation, and vascular remodeling. This article reviews the pathophysiological mechanisms of aortic hemodynamic changes in congenital heart diseases based on modern scientific literature. Special attention is paid to aortic coarctation, bicuspid aortic valve, Tetralogy of Fallot, and patent ductus arteriosus. Hemodynamic overload in these conditions contributes to endothelial dysfunction, decreased vascular elasticity, left ventricular hypertrophy, and progressive aortic wall remodeling. Modern diagnostic methods including echocardiography, Doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging play an essential role in early detection and monitoring of aortic abnormalities. Early diagnosis and timely surgical correction are critical for preventing irreversible cardiovascular complications in pediatric patients.