Oxygen, carbon and strontium isotope data for DSDP Hole 35-323

A downhole decrease in 18O, Mg(2+) and K+, an increase in Ca(2+) and a low 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7067 in the pore fluids of DSDP site 323 were caused principally by the alteration of volcanic material. These chemical and isotopic patterns were produced by the alteration, in order of decreasing importance of: a 60-m thick basal layer of volcanic ash; the underlying basalts; and igneous components in the 640-m thick upper sequence composed largely of terrigenous material. A significant portion of the alteration of the ash in the basal sequence must have occurred before the deposition of the upper sediments, perhaps under the influence of advecting solutions. The rest of the alteration occurred during the deposition of the thick upper sediments. Mass balance considerations and the low d18O values of most of the alteration products suggest that much of the later alteration occurred progressively over the last 13 Myr. The principal alteration products were smectite, potassium feldspar, clinoptilolite and calcite.