INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTING NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS IN URBAN AREAS

In the context of rapid urbanization and global climate change, major cities around the world face a number of serious challenges, including the increasing frequency of natural disasters, the urban heat island effect, the increasing risk of urban flooding, and deteriorating urban environments. To improve urban resilience to these changes, Nature-based Solutions (NBS) concepts based on the imitation of natural processes are being developed. Sustainable urban development concepts such as LEED, SITES, Green Infrastructure, Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), Sponge City, and others have been developed and are being successfully implemented in developed countries. This article examines the differences in the goals, approaches, implementation tools, and scale of each of these initiatives. It highlights the most successful and effective examples of nature-based solutions implemented in developed countries. Based on a comparative analysis of international experience, including both successful practices and mistakes, it provides a theoretical basis for developing a unique concept of nature-based solutions adapted to local natural, social, and urban conditions.