Third Pole 3km runoff depth and evapotranspiration dataset by an observation-constrained cryosphere-hydrology model

We used the latest long-term, high-resolution (3 km, hourly) meteorological dataset for the Third Pole region (a high-resolution near-surface meteorological forcing dataset for the Third Pole region, TPMFD) to drive the WEB-DHM model (Water and Energy Budget-based Distributed Hydrological Model), which couples cryospheric hydrological processes such as snow, permafrost, and glaciers. The WEB-DHM model was validated by observed runoff data and reliable remotely sensed snow cover and glacier area data. Then we used the validated model to quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics and driving mechanisms of water resources in the source regions of seven major rivers on the Third Pole: the Yellow, Yangtze, Mekong, Salween, Brahmaputra, Ganges (including three major sub-basins: Karnali, Gandaki, and Koshi), and Indus rivers. The simulation produced 3 km, monthly water resource data products (including runoff and evapotranspiration) for these basins from 1993 to 2022, collectively referred to as TPRED_3km.