Dynamic changes of mRNA expression during development of human embryonic stem cells derived cardiomyocytes. Dynamic changes of mRNA expression during development of human embryonic stem cells derived cardiomyocytes

To dissect complex regulatory mechanisms on cardiac development, we performed the time-series gene expression experiments of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiated to cardiomyocytes (CMs). The RNA-sequencing at 4 stages of human to CM maturation, representing timepoints with days 15, 30, 45 and 60 of ESC-CMs. The early CMs from differentiation days (D) 0-15 are commonly considered to be immature and embryonic-like. We define late CMs after D15. During this phase, the cells stop dividing and undergo some degree of maturation. This study established distinct dynamic expression patterns of mRNAs/genes and identified several subsets of up- or down-regulated genes with similar expression patterns during CM differentiation and maturation. Overall design: The RNA-sequencing of mRNA levels were conducted at 4 stages (15, 30, 45 and 60 days, +/- 2 days) of human H7 ESC-directed CM differentiation. Each stage included 3 biological replicates.