Yorkshire Water Drinking Water Quality 2026

Data History Data Origin These samples were taken from customer taps. They were then analysed for water quality, and the results were uploaded to a database. This dataset is an extract from this database. Data Triage Considerations Granularity We decided to share as individual results as the lowest level of granularity. Anonymisation It is a requirement that this data cannot be used to identify a singular person or household. We discussed many options for aggregating the data to a specific geography to ensure this requirement is met. The following geographical aggregations were discussed: Water Supply Zone (WSZ) - Limits interoperability with other datasets. Postcode – Some postcodes contain very few households and may not offer necessary anonymisation. Postal Sector – Deemed not granular enough in highly populated areas. Rounded Co-ordinates – Not a recognised standard and may cause overlapping areas. MSOA – Deemed not granular enough. LSOA – Agreed as a recognised standard appropriate for England and Wales. Data Zones – Agreed as a recognised standard appropriate for Scotland. Preferred: Geospatial to LSOA. Why is Geospatial to LSOA preferred? It is more accurate since the postcode mapping is best fitted by plotting the location of the postcode's mean address rather than sample point’s specific location. Data Specifications Each dataset will cover a calendar year of samples: This dataset will be published monthly. Historical datasets will be published as far back as 2022 following the introduction of the Water Supply Regulations. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/614/contents/made The Determinands included in the dataset are as per the list that is required to be reported to the Drinking Water Inspectorate. Context Many UK water companies provide a search tool on their websites where you can search for water quality in your area by postcode. The results of the search may identify the water supply zone that supplies the postcode searched. Water supply zones are not linked to LSOAs which means the results may differ to this dataset. Some sample results are influenced by internal plumbing and may not be representative of drinking water quality in the wider area. In this case these test results are omitted from the dataset. Some samples are tested on site and others are sent to scientific laboratories. Data Publish Frequency Monthly. Data Triage Review Frequency Annually unless otherwise requested Supplementary information Below is a curated selection of links for additional reading, which provide a deeper understanding of this dataset. Drinking Water Inspectorate Standards and Regulations: https://www.dwi.gov.uk/drinking-water-standards-and-regulations/ LSOA (England and Wales) and Data Zone (Scotland): https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/geography/2011-census/geography-bckground-info-comparison-of-thresholds.pdf Description for LSOA boundaries by the ONS: Census 2021 geographies - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk) Postcode to LSOA lookup tables: Postcode to 2021 Census Output Area to Lower Layer Super Output Area to Middle Layer Super Output Area to Local Authority District (August 2023) Lookup in the UK (statistics.gov.uk) Legislation history: Legislation - Drinking Water Inspectorate (dwi.gov.uk) Dataset Schema SAMPLE_ID: Identity of the sample SAMPLE_DATE: The date the sample was taken DETERMINAND: The determinand being measured DWI_CODE: The corresponding DWI code for the determinand UNITS: The expression of results OPERATOR: The measurement operator for limit of detection RESULT: The test results LSOA or DATA ZONE: Lower Super Output Area or Data Zone (population weighted centroids used by the ONS (Office for National Statistics) for geo-anonymisation)### 数据历史与数据来源 本数据集的样本均取自用户供水龙头，经水质分析后将检测结果上传至数据库，本数据集即为该数据库的抽取子集。 ### 数据筛选考量 #### 粒度说明 本数据集以单条检测结果作为最低粒度进行发布。 #### 匿名化要求 严禁通过本数据集识别单个自然人或家庭。为此，我们研讨了多种按地理区域聚合数据的方案以满足该要求，讨论过的地理聚合方式包括： - 供水区域（Water Supply Zone, WSZ）：与其他数据集的互操作性受限 - 邮政编码：部分邮政编码覆盖的住户极少，无法满足匿名化所需的样本量要求 - 邮政分区：在人口密集区域粒度不足 - 四舍五入坐标：不属于公认标准，可能导致区域重叠 - 中层超级输出区（Middle Layer Super Output Area, MSOA）：粒度不足 - 低层超级输出区（Lower Layer Super Output Area, LSOA）：符合英格兰及威尔士地区的公认标准，予以采用 - 数据分区（Data Zone）：符合苏格兰地区的公认标准，予以采用 最终优选方案：地理聚合至LSOA层级。 为何优选LSOA层级的地理聚合？通过将邮政编码的平均地址位置而非样本点的精确坐标进行映射，该方案的精度更高。 ### 数据规格 每份数据集涵盖一个自然年度的检测样本，本数据集将按月度发布。自《供水条例》实施起，可追溯至2022年的历史数据集均已完成发布。 《供水条例》链接：https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/614/contents/made 本数据集包含的检测指标（Determinand）均为需向英国饮用水监察局（Drinking Water Inspectorate, DWI）上报的指定指标。 ### 背景说明 英国多家供水企业在其官网提供了按邮政编码查询区域水质的工具，查询结果可能会显示对应邮政编码的供水区域。但供水区域与LSOA并无直接关联，因此本数据集的结果可能与该官网查询结果存在差异。 部分检测结果受用户内部供水管道影响，无法代表区域整体饮用水水质，此类样本已从数据集中剔除。 样本的检测方式分为现场检测与送检至专业科研实验室两种。 ### 发布频率 月度发布。 ### 数据筛选复核频率 年度复核，除非另有特殊要求。 ### 补充参考资料 以下为精选的拓展阅读链接，可帮助您深入理解本数据集： 1. 英国饮用水监察局水质标准与法规：https://www.dwi.gov.uk/drinking-water-standards-and-regulations/ 2. 英格兰及威尔士地区LSOA与苏格兰地区Data Zone说明：https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/geography/2011-census/geography-bckground-info-comparison-of-thresholds.pdf 3. 英国国家统计局（Office for National Statistics, ONS）2021年人口普查LSOA边界说明：https://www.ons.gov.uk/methods/geography/geographicalreference/geographies/census2021geographies 4. 邮政编码与地理层级映射表：英国邮政编码-2021人口普查输出区-低层超级输出区-中层超级输出区-地方行政区域（2023年8月）映射表（statistics.gov.uk） 5. 法规沿革：英国饮用水监察局法规历史页面（dwi.gov.uk） ### 数据集字段说明 1. `SAMPLE_ID`：样本唯一标识 2. `SAMPLE_DATE`：样本采集日期 3. `DETERMINAND`：被测指标名称 4. `DWI_CODE`：对应英国饮用水监察局的指标编码 5. `UNITS`：检测结果单位 6. `OPERATOR`：负责检测限测量的执行方 7. `RESULT`：检测结果数值 8. `LSOA or DATA ZONE`：低层超级输出区（适用于英格兰及威尔士）或数据分区（适用于苏格兰），地理坐标采用英国国家统计局（ONS）的人口加权质心以实现地理匿名化