National Census of Agriculture 2011-2012 - Nepal

Abstract
---------------------------

The main objective of the census of agriculture of Nepal is to publish data at district level on the following:
1. Structure and characteristics of the holding such as size, agricultural land use, land tenure, land fragmentation, area planted to crops, number of livestock, and others;
2. To provide benchmark data for improving the reliability of estimates from current agricultural survey; and
3. To provide basic data for national, ecological belts and development regions levels for national as well as sub-national policy, planning and decision making purposes.

Geographic coverage
---------------------------

National coverage - the agricultural census covered the whole of Nepal including urban areas. However, only agricultural holdings operated by households were included. urban and rural areas Ecological belt Development Region District

Analysis unit
---------------------------

Agricultural household, individual

Universe
---------------------------

All agriculture households having a minimum specified agricultural land area operated by holding (for hill and mountain region 4 anna and 8 dhure in terai) or having a specified minimum number of livestocks or poultry.

Agricultural activities undertaken by government organizations, businesses like corporations and other juridical persons were not covered by the NCA.

Kind of data
---------------------------

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure
---------------------------

A. Complete Enumeration of Holdings, Area and Livestock
The census methodology in undertaking the 2001/02 National Census of Agriculture of Nepal is a combination of complete enumeration and sampling.

The Census of Agriculture was implemented in two phases. The first phase was the complete enumeration of all holdings, their area and the number of livestock and poultry raised by all households in the country as an integral activity in the listing operations of the Census of Population 2001. Two questions were asked concerning agricultural activities of households, namely: total area of the agriculture holding and total number of livestock/poultry kept by the households. All households listed in the Population Census 2011 that possessed the characteristics of the holding as defined in the agriculture census were identified as agricultural holdings. These holdings and their corresponding areas and number of livestock kept including their household population were compiled by ward for all the 75 districts of Nepal from which the sampling frame was constructed.

B. Sampling Design
A two-stage stratified sampling was employed in the selection of the samples for enumeration to obtain the characteristics of the holdings for the 2011/12, NCA. This design is almost similar to that of the 2001/02 sampling design, which is a self-weighting sample.

Construction of the sampling frame
The listing of the wards in each district with the summarized data of the number of holdings and area was used to form enumeration areas (EA's). However, wards containing less than 30 holdings were combined to form one EA. The EAs in each district were stratified according to the number of holdings enumerated, arranged from the highest to the lowest.

Selection of samples
The first stage : selection of the primary sampling units (PSUs), where sample enumeration areas (EAs) were selected with probability proportional to size (PPS), with power allocation 0.4. The measure of size is the number of holdings enumerated in the EAs during the Census of Population 2011 listing operations and to measure the importance of each district, the total area under 8 major crops (paddy, wheat, maize, millet, barley, sugarcane, oilseed and potato) was determined.

The second stage : selection of sample holdings systematically in each sample EA. Before the sample selection was done, a listing of holdings in each sample PSU was conducted to update the listing during the Population Census. The target number of holdings for enumeration in each sample EA was 25.

Approximately 5,200 enumeration areas were selected in the 74 districts and about 130,000 agricultural holdings were selected for enumeration. One district was completely covered in the second phase of the census of agriculture because of the few number of enumeration areas and holdings. This is the district of Manang.

Mode of data collection
---------------------------

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
---------------------------

The questionnaires for the National Sample Census of Agriculture were structured questionnaires based on FAO recommendation with some modifications and additions. The main questionnaire was Schedule-2 which contains the following topics:
Identification Information
Part 1: Information on Holder and respondent
Part 2: General Information
Part 3: Description of Population
Part 4: Description for Land and Water
Part 5: Crops
Part 6: Livestock and Poultry
Part 7: Agriculture Machinery by Source and Use
Part 8: Non-Residential Building
Part 9: Forest and Fishery
Part 10: Agricultural Loan
Part 11: Miscellaneous

Community Questionnaire (Schedule 3)

The Community Questionnaire: This community questionnaire is adapted first time in Nepal. The aim of the questionnaire is to collect information of the community i.e. selected enumeration area. It contains four sections given below:
0. Information on Enumeration
1. Land used and Other Information of the ward
2. Social and Economic Situation of the ward
3. Community Structure and Facility of the ward
4. Ongoing Development Program in the ward

The total area of the holding was reported in the district where the holder resides, regardless of the physical location of the parcels comprising the holding. Although in Nepal a holding is usually equivalent to the household and it is very rare where a household operates a holding where some parcels are located in other districts.

Cleaning operations
---------------------------

The data will be subjected to the following editing process:
1. Manual editing and coding were done at the head office after collecting the filled questionnaires.
2. Completeness check after data entry done by a completeness checking computer program.
3. Machine editting by machine editing program.

Data appraisal
---------------------------

The previous series of Agriculture Census data as well as population data will be used for evaluating the quality of the data.

摘要
---------------------------
尼泊尔农业普查的主要目标是在区县级别发布以下数据：
1. 土地保有结构及特征，如规模、农业土地利用、土地产权、土地碎片化、农作物种植面积、牲畜数量等；
2. 为改善当前农业调查估计的可信度提供基准数据；
3. 为国家、生态带和开发区域级别的国家及次国家政策、规划和决策提供基础数据。
地理覆盖范围
---------------------------
全国覆盖 - 农业普查涵盖了尼泊尔全国，包括城市地区。然而，仅包括由家庭经营的土地保有。
生态带 开发区域 区
分析单元
---------------------------
农业家庭，个人
总体
---------------------------
所有拥有最低指定农业土地面积的农业家庭，或拥有指定最低数量牲畜或家禽的土地保有（对于山区和山地地区为4安那，8杜雷；对于特里地区为4安那和8杜雷），或从事农业活动的政府机构、企业如公司和其他法人实体均不包含在国家农业普查（NCA）中。
数据类型
---------------------------
普查/统计数据 [cen]
抽样程序
---------------------------
A. 土地保有、面积和牲畜的全面普查
尼泊尔2001/02全国农业普查的普查方法为全面普查与抽样的结合。
农业普查分为两个阶段实施。第一阶段是对所有土地保有、其面积及由所有家庭饲养的牲畜和家禽的全面普查，这是普查人口2001的登记操作的一部分。提出了两个关于家庭农业活动的问题：农业保有的总面积和家养的牲畜/家禽总数。所有在人口普查2011中登记且具有农业普查定义的保有特征的户数被识别为农业保有。这些保有及其相应的面积、饲养的牲畜数量以及家庭人口均按地区编制，涉及尼泊尔的75个区，从而构建了抽样框架。
B. 抽样设计
在2011/12 NCA样本选择中采用了两阶段分层抽样，以获得保有的特征。此设计几乎与2001/02的抽样设计相似，它是一个自加权样本。
抽样框架的构建
每个区的地区名单及其保有和面积汇总数据被用来形成统计区域（EA's）。然而，包含少于30个保有的地区被合并形成一个EA。每个区的EA根据登记的保有数量进行分层，从最高到最低排列。
样本选择
第一阶段：选择一级抽样单位（PSU），其中样本统计区域（EA）以规模比例（PPS）选择，权力分配为0.4。规模衡量标准是人口普查2011登记操作中EA中登记的保有数量，以及为了衡量每个地区的重要性，确定了8种主要作物（水稻、小麦、玉米、小米、大麦、甘蔗、油料和土豆）的总面积。
第二阶段：在每个样本EA中系统地选择样本保有。在样本选择完成之前，对每个样本PSU中的保有进行了登记，以更新人口普查的登记。
每个样本EA中登记的保有目标是25。
在74个区中选定了大约5,200个统计区域，并选择了大约130,000个农业保有进行登记。由于统计区域和保有数量较少，第二个阶段的农业普查完全覆盖了一个区。这是曼昂区。
数据收集方式
---------------------------
面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
---------------------------
国家农业样本普查的调查问卷是基于FAO建议的结构化问卷，并进行了一些修改和补充。主要问卷为第2号计划，包含以下主题：
识别信息
第一部分：保有者和受访者的信息
第二部分：一般信息
第三部分：人口描述
第四部分：土地和水描述
第五部分：农作物
第六部分：牲畜和家禽
第七部分：按来源和使用描述的农业机械
第八部分：非住宅建筑
第九部分：森林和渔业
第十部分：农业贷款
第十一部分：其他
社区问卷（计划3）
社区问卷：这是在尼泊尔首次采用社区问卷。问卷的目的是收集关于社区的信息，即选定的统计区域。它包含以下四个部分：
0. 识别信息
1. 地区和其他信息
2. 社会和经济状况
3. 社区结构和设施
4. 区内正在进行的开发项目
土地保有总面积的报告地点为保有者居住的区，无论构成保有的地块的物理位置。
尽管在尼泊尔中，保有通常等同于家庭，而且家庭在其他区运营保有且部分地块位于其他区的情况极为罕见。
数据清理操作
---------------------------
数据将经历以下编辑过程：
1. 在收集填写好的问卷后，总部进行了手动编辑和编码。
2. 通过完整性检查计算机程序进行数据录入后的完整性检查。
3. 通过机器编辑程序进行机器编辑。
数据评估
---------------------------
将使用之前系列的农业普查数据和人口数据来评估数据质量。