Differences in defensive responses between species as tested with a two-sided Fisher's exact test.

A sequential Bonferroni correction has been applied with an initial alpha of 0.05, and P-values higher than alpha, indicating no significant difference between the species, are shown in bold. Values below the diagonal take into account all possible defensive responses including no response (see table 1). Values above the diagonal indicate differences in chela and telson use in defense. Significant differences in the defensive responses between many of the studied species were found. Species of the family Buthidae cannot be distinguished based on their combined defensive responses. When looking at only chela or telson use however, there are several significant differences between species pairs within the Buthidae. Remarkable is that both Grosphus flavopiceus and Parabuthus transvaalicus cannot be distinguished from any other species in this study when taking all defensive responses into account. When just testing the chela and telson use however, they show significant differences with other species.