Application of propionate-producing bacterial consortium in ruminal methanogenesis inhibited environment with bromoethanesulfonate as a methanogen direct inhibitor. Rumen fluid

These are rumen fluid samples collected from three or more Hanwoo cows. The CON sample was left untreated, while the BES sample was treated with sodium-bromoethanesulfonate at a ratio of 15mg/0.5g (basal diet). The RA, RS, and CB groups were supplemented with BES in the same ratio as the BES sample. Additionally, the RA group was supplemented with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Megasphaera elsdenii, the RS group was supplemented with Selenomonas ruminantium and Acidipropionibacterium thoenii, and the CB group was supplemented with all four microorganisms mentioned above. All groups were supplemented with a standardized concentration of 1.0*10^10 cells/ml.