Differential effects of tofacitinib on macrophage activation contribute to lack of response in ulcerative colitis patients

The variability and unpredictability of drug efficacy in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, including tofacitinib, an oral JAK1 and JAK3 inhibitor, remains a perplexing reality. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of intestinal cells from UC patients receiving tofacitinib to identify the cellular subsets and genes involved in the response and/or resistance to tofacitinib. Overall design: Colon biopsies from patients with active UC starting tofacitinib were collected at baseline (n=11) and during follow-up (n=12) and processed by scRNA-seq.