Effect and mechanism in microbial nitrogen conversion of the ponds system in small mountain watershed

As the most commonly used water conservancy facility in southern farmland, artificial ponds with a long history are widely distributed throughout China. With the development of agriculture and human activities, the conflict between irrigation water demand and the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of precipitation has become more and more pronounced. In addition, water sources are being contaminated by nitrogenous nutrients as a result of the unreasonable extraction and usage of resources. Although the surface area of artificial ponds is smaller than that of other large lakes or rivers, they have a higher potential for N2O emissions. In order to evaluate the impact of small water bodies in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, it is crucial to define the geographical and temporal distribution of N2O emissions from artificial reservoirs.