Question Bank from Brazil's National Residency Exam (ENARE) for Direct Access Programs (2020–2024)

This dataset contains 492 multiple-choice questions from the 2020–2024 editions of the Exame Nacional de Residência (ENARE), Brazil’s National Residency Exam for admission to direct access medical residency programs. Questions containing images were excluded to ensure open accessibility and text-based standardization. Each entry includes the full question text, answer alternatives, the official correct answer, and, when available, the associated area of knowledge (i.e., Internal Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Preventive Medicine). Each record includes the question statement, answer alternatives, the correct answer, and metadata such as the medical specialty and exam edition. The data are organized in structured formats (.json) with standardized fields, allowing applications in performance analysis, machine learning, automatic question generation, language model evaluation, and research on thematic trends in ENARE exams. This dataset was developed within the Agents4Good project, a partnership between Kunumi and the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), which aims to explore the use of large language models and intelligent agents for social good, including open educational and research initiatives. The goal of this dataset is to provide an open, reusable, and high-quality resource for researchers, educators, and students working in the fields of medical education, artificial intelligence applied to assessment, and data-driven analysis of residency exams in Brazil.