Some of the parameter values associated with LCZ types from [18].

Columns represent the percentage of built (λB [%], ratio of building plan area to total plan area), impervious (λI [%], ratio of impervious plan area (paved, rock) to total plan area) and vegetated (λV [%], ratio of pervious plan area (bare soil, vegetation, water) to total plan area) land-cover and mean height of roughness elements (H [m], geometric average of building heights (LCZs 1–10) and tree/plant heights), sky view factor (SVF) and anthropogenic heat flux (AHF [W m−2]). The last column presents the total impervious surface density (IMD [%]), calculated as the sum of the outer ranges of λB and λI.