Dataset for the seismic performance of tunnels affected by the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence

This dataset encompasses comprehensive information from a detailed study on the seismic performance of tunnels affected by the Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence of February 6, 2023. The field survey conducted following the events revealed limited damages to the tunnels in the affected region despite the very high recorded ground motions. We examined the reasons for these limited damages and then investigated whether the available state of the art methods and tools for the seismic risk assessment of tunnels could have predicted this behaviour. This dataset includes: - Epicenters and fault ruptures provided by USGS for the two main seismic events of the Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence of February 6, 2023, namely the M7.7 Pazarcik and the M7.6 Elbistan earthquakes. - Locations of the tunnels: Geospatial coordinates of 87 tunnels located in the provinces most affected by the seismic events. The tunnels are approximately represented by their midpoints, and the coordinate system is the WGS84. - Seismic performance of the tunnels affected by the Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence of February 6, 2023, as obtained from the field survey. - Structural Characteristics: Detailed structural properties of each tunnel, including their period of construction, their typology and construction materials, as well as the maximum burial depth. - Geotechnical Characteristics: Surrounding soil quality expressed through the Vs30 and the average Geological Strength Index, GSI. - Experienced Ground Motion: Proximity to the rupture, Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) values experienced at each tunnel site during the two main seismic events. PGA and PGV were extracted from the USGS ShakeMaps at the locations of the tunnels. - Return periods of PGA levels at the locations of the tunnels: We performed a Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA), taking local site conditions into account, to calculate the seismic hazard curves at the locations of the tunnels; then we used these hazard curves to identify for each tunnel site the return periods corresponding to the PGA of the ShakeMaps of the two main seismic events. - Damage assessment of tunnels: Scenario-type risk analyses performed using USGS ShakeMaps and available fragility models (two empirical, the HAZUS (2004) and the ALA (2001), and one analytically derived developed by Andreotti and Lai (2019)) to assess the expected damage levels due to the two events. The damage metric is the probability of damage of any level, which is equal to one minus the probability of no damage. Higher probabilities correspond to a higher level of expected damage. This dataset aims to facilitate further analysis and understanding of the factors influencing tunnel resilience during strong ground motions, thereby enhancing seismic risk assessment methodologies and contributing to the development of more robust models for predicting tunnel performance in seismic events.

本数据集涵盖了针对2023年2月6日卡赫拉曼马拉什地震序列影响下隧道抗震性能的详细研究的完整资料。震后开展的现场调查显示，尽管记录到极高的地面运动强度，受影响区域内的隧道仅出现有限程度的损坏。我们先探究了此类轻微损坏的成因，随后验证了当前用于隧道抗震风险评估的前沿方法与工具是否能够预判该震害表现。

本数据集包含以下内容：
1. 美国地质调查局（USGS）提供的2023年2月6日卡赫拉曼马拉什地震序列两次主震的震中与断层破裂数据，即M7.7帕扎尔吉克地震与M7.6埃尔比斯坦地震。
2. 隧道位置信息：受地震影响最严重的省份内87座隧道的地理空间坐标，隧道位置以其中点近似表示，坐标系采用WGS84。
3. 2023年2月6日卡赫拉曼马拉什地震序列影响下隧道的抗震性能数据，源自现场调查结果。
4. 结构特征：每座隧道的详细结构属性，包括建造年代、结构类型、建造材料以及最大埋深。
5. 岩土特性：通过Vs30与平均地质强度指数（Geological Strength Index, GSI）表征的周边土体质量。
6. 实测地面运动参数：各隧道场地距破裂带的距离、两次主震期间各隧道场地所经历的峰值地面加速度（PGA）与峰值地面速度（PGV）。其中PGA与PGV数据从对应隧道位置的USGS ShakeMaps中提取。
7. 隧道场地PGA的重现期：我们开展了考虑局部场地条件的概率地震危险性分析（Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis, PSHA），以计算各隧道场地的地震危险性曲线；随后利用该曲线确定两次主震ShakeMaps中PGA所对应的重现期。
8. 隧道震害评估：利用USGS ShakeMaps与现有易损性模型开展情景型风险分析，以评估两次地震引发的预期震害等级。本次采用的易损性模型包括2个经验模型：HAZUS（2004）与ALA（2001），以及1个由Andreotti与Lai（2019）推导得到的解析模型。震害评估指标为任意等级震害发生概率，即1减去无震害发生的概率，概率越高则预期震害程度越严重。

本数据集旨在助力进一步分析与理解强地面运动期间影响隧道抗震韧性的各类因素，从而完善抗震风险评估方法体系，并为开发更可靠的隧道震害预测模型提供支撑。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集专注于2023年Kahramanmaraş地震序列中隧道的地震性能，基于实地调查收集了87个受影响隧道的综合信息，包括结构、地质和地面运动参数。它旨在分析隧道在强震中损坏有限的原因，并评估现有地震风险评估方法的预测能力，从而促进隧道抗震性能研究和模型改进。