Supplementary information files for Failure of trabecular bone: XFEM modelling of multiple crack growth

© The Authors CC BY NC-ND 4.0Supplementary files for Failure of trabecular bone: XFEM modelling of multiple crack growthTrabecular bone plays an important role in structural integrity of bone tissues. Its complex microstructure characterised by high porosity and intricate composition with multiple trabeculae is a challenge for analysis of fracture initiation and propagation in it. This work investigates mechanical behaviour and failure of representative volume elements (RVEs) of porous structure of trabecular bone using numerical simulations. The extended finite-element method (XFEM) is used together with an original algorithm for the growth of multiple cracks in individual trabeculae of the structure. The obtained results are presented in comparison with the model of degradation of elastic properties. The effect of morphology on accumulation of damage and crack growth - both on the scale of a RVE and in individual ligaments - was investigated using the developed approach for estimation of a relative crack-surface area. The results are presented for five RVEs, obtained with high-resolution computed tomography of human trabecular bone, subjected to applied tensile and compressive loads.

© 作者版权 CC BY NC-ND 4.0 补充文件：关于骨小梁骨结构失效的 XFEM 多裂纹增长建模
骨小梁在骨骼组织的结构完整性中发挥着至关重要的作用。其复杂的微观结构，以高孔隙率和由多个骨小梁构成的复杂组成，为分析其断裂起始和扩展带来了挑战。本研究利用数值模拟，对骨小梁孔隙结构的代表性体积单元（RVEs）的力学行为和失效进行了研究。扩展有限元法（XFEM）与针对结构中单个骨小梁多裂纹增长的原始算法相结合。获得的结果与弹性性能退化的模型进行了比较。采用所开发的方法，对形态对损伤累积和裂纹增长的影响进行了研究，这一影响既体现在代表性体积单元的尺度上，也体现在单个韧带中。通过相对裂纹表面积估算方法，对五个由高分辨率计算机断层扫描获取的人体骨小梁 RVEs 进行了分析，并展示了在施加拉伸和压缩载荷时的结果。