Usability and Clinical Performance of a Low-Cost 3D-Printed Video Laryngoscope: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation

Key Messages 1. Context and Gap (Problem) Airway management training often relies on high-cost videolaryngoscopes, limiting accessibility in resource-constrained settings. Although existing research supports the use of simulation and human factors evaluation for device validation, few studies have rigorously applied these structured frameworks to low-cost, 3D-printed alternatives. 2. Contribution and Main Findings (Solution) This study demonstrates that a low-cost, 3D-printed videolaryngoscope (VLP-3D) can achieve statistically comparable usability and intubation performance (including 100% first-attempt success) to a commercial gold-standard device, across both high-fidelity simulated and clinical usability environments. Furthermore, it introduces a structured and replicable evaluation model that aligns ergonomic design rigor with human factors and regulatory standards. 3. Implications and Impact (Conclusion) The findings support broader adoption of locally manufacturable and sustainable airway devices for both training and clinical use, particularly in low-resource settings. The validated framework presented provides a rigorous basis for assessing similar future frugal innovations, promoting the democratization of medical technology.