Magpie-Qwen2.5-Pro-1M-v0.1


Project Web: [https://magpie-align.github.io/](https://magpie-align.github.io/)

Arxiv Technical Report: [https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.08464](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.08464)

Codes: [https://github.com/magpie-align/magpie](https://github.com/magpie-align/magpie)

## Abstract
<details><summary>Click Here</summary>
High-quality instruction data is critical for aligning large language models (LLMs). Although some models, such as Llama-3-Instruct, have open weights, their alignment data remain private, which hinders the democratization of AI. High human labor costs and a limited, predefined scope for prompting prevent existing open-source data creation methods from scaling effectively, potentially limiting the diversity and quality of public alignment datasets. Is it possible to synthesize high-quality instruction data at scale by extracting it directly from an aligned LLM? We present a self-synthesis method for generating large-scale alignment data named Magpie. Our key observation is that aligned LLMs like Llama-3-Instruct can generate a user query when we input only the left-side templates up to the position reserved for user messages, thanks to their auto-regressive nature. We use this method to prompt Llama-3-Instruct and generate 4 million instructions along with their corresponding responses. We perform a comprehensive analysis of the extracted data and select 300K high-quality instances. To compare Magpie data with other public instruction datasets, we fine-tune Llama-3-8B-Base with each dataset and evaluate the performance of the fine-tuned models. Our results indicate that in some tasks, models fine-tuned with Magpie perform comparably to the official Llama-3-8B-Instruct, despite the latter being enhanced with 10 million data points through supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and subsequent feedback learning. We also show that using Magpie solely for SFT can surpass the performance of previous public datasets utilized for both SFT and preference optimization, such as direct preference optimization with UltraFeedback. This advantage is evident on alignment benchmarks such as AlpacaEval, ArenaHard, and WildBench.
</details><be>

## Dataset Details
This dataset is generated by [Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct) using [Magpie](https://huggingface.co/Magpie-Align). Please refer to our [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.08464) and [codebase](https://github.com/magpie-align/magpie) for implementation details.

### Available Labels
- **Input Length**: The total number of characters in the instructions.
- **Output Length**: The total number of characters in the responses.
- **Task Category**: The specific category of the instructions.
- **Input Quality**: The clarity, specificity, and coherence of the instructions, rated as 'very poor', 'poor', 'average', 'good', and 'excellent'.
- **Input Difficulty**: The level of knowledge required to address the task described in the instruction, rated as 'very easy', 'easy', 'medium', 'hard', or 'very hard'.
- **Minimum Neighbor Distance**: The embedding distance to the nearest neighbor within the dataset. It can be used for filtering out repetitive or similar instances.
- **Safety**: Safety tags marked by [meta-llama/Meta-Llama-Guard-2-8B](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Meta-Llama-Guard-2-8B)
- **Reward**: The output of the reward model given the specific instruction-response pair.
- **Language**: The language of the instruction.

## Dataset Navigation 🧭
|Model Name | Dataset | Type | Description |
|-------------|:-------|:-------|:-------|
| [Qwen2.5 72B Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct) | [Magpie-Qwen2.5-Pro-1M](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Magpie-Align/Magpie-Qwen2.5-Pro-1M-v0.1) | SFT | 1M Raw conversations built with Qwen2.5 72B Instruct.
| [Qwen2.5 72B Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct) | [Magpie-Qwen2.5-Pro-300K-Filtered](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Magpie-Align/Magpie-Qwen2.5-Pro-300K-Filtered) | SFT | Apply a filter and select 300K high quality conversations.
| [Qwen2.5 Math 72B Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-Math-72B-Instruct) | [Magpie-Qwen2.5-Math-Pro-300K](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Magpie-Align/Magpie-Qwen2.5-Math-Pro-300K-v0.1) | SFT | 300K Raw conversations built with Qwen2.5 Math 72B Instruct.
| [Qwen2.5 Coder 32B Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-32B-Instruct) | [Magpie-Qwen2.5-Coder-Pro-300K](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Magpie-Align/Magpie-Qwen2.5-Coder-Pro-300K-v0.1) | SFT | 300K Raw conversations built with Qwen2.5 Coder 32B Instruct.
| [Qwen2 72B Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2-72B-Instruct) | [Magpie-Qwen2-Pro-300K-Filtered](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Magpie-Align/Magpie-Qwen2-Pro-300K-Filtered) | SFT | Apply a filter and select 300K high quality conversations.
| [Qwen2 72B Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2-72B-Instruct) | [Magpie-Qwen2-Pro-200K-Chinese](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Magpie-Align/Magpie-Qwen2-Pro-200K-Chinese) | SFT | Apply a filter and select 200K high quality Chinese conversations.
| [Qwen2 72B Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2-72B-Instruct) | [Magpie-Qwen2-Pro-200K-English](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Magpie-Align/Magpie-Qwen2-Pro-200K-English) | SFT | Apply a filter and select 200K high quality English conversations.


项目主页：[https://magpie-align.github.io/](https://magpie-align.github.io/)

Arxiv技术报告：[https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.08464](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.08464)

代码仓库：[https://github.com/magpie-align/magpie](https://github.com/magpie-align/magpie)

## 摘要
<details><summary>点击展开</summary>
高质量指令数据对于大语言模型（Large Language Model，LLM）的对齐至关重要。尽管诸如Llama-3-Instruct等部分模型已开放权重，但其对齐数据仍处于私有状态，这阻碍了人工智能的民主化进程。现有开源数据构建方法面临人工成本高昂、提示范围受限且预定义的问题，无法实现有效扩展，进而可能限制了公开对齐数据集的多样性与质量。能否通过直接从已对齐的大语言模型中提取数据，规模化合成高质量指令数据？为此，我们提出了一种名为Magpie的规模化对齐数据自合成方法。我们的核心观察在于：得益于自回归特性，诸如Llama-3-Instruct这类已对齐的大语言模型，仅需输入至用户消息预留位置的左侧模板，即可生成用户查询。我们利用该方法对Llama-3-Instruct进行提示，生成了400万条指令及其对应的回复。我们对提取得到的数据进行了全面分析，并从中筛选出30万个高质量样本。为了将Magpie数据集与其他公开指令数据集进行对比，我们使用每个数据集分别对Llama-3-8B-Base进行微调，并评估微调后模型的性能。实验结果表明，在部分任务中，使用Magpie微调得到的模型性能可与官方Llama-3-8B-Instruct相媲美——尽管后者通过监督微调（Supervised Fine-Tuning, SFT）及后续反馈学习，使用了1000万条数据进行优化。我们还证实，仅使用Magpie进行监督微调，其性能便可超越此前同时用于监督微调和偏好优化的公开数据集，例如结合UltraFeedback的直接偏好优化（Direct Preference Optimization, DPO）方法。这一优势在AlpacaEval、ArenaHard及WildBench等对齐基准测试中均有体现。
</details><br>

## 数据集详情
本数据集由[Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct)通过[Magpie](https://huggingface.co/Magpie-Align)生成。如需了解实现细节，请参阅我们的[论文](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.08464)与[代码库](https://github.com/magpie-align/magpie)。

### 可用标签
- **输入长度**：指令的总字符数。
- **输出长度**：回复的总字符数。
- **任务类别**：指令所属的具体任务类别。
- **输入质量**：指令的清晰度、具体性与连贯性，评级分为「极差」「较差」「一般」「良好」「优秀」五个等级。
- **输入难度**：完成指令描述的任务所需的知识水平，评级分为「极简单」「简单」「中等」「困难」「极困难」五个等级。
- **最小邻距**：数据集中与当前样本最近邻的嵌入距离，可用于过滤重复或相似样本。
- **安全性**：由[meta-llama/Meta-Llama-Guard-2-8B](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Meta-Llama-Guard-2-8B)标记的安全标签。
- **奖励值**：针对特定指令-回复对的奖励模型输出值。
- **语言**：指令所使用的语言。

## 数据集导航 🧭
|模型名称 | 数据集 | 类型 | 描述 |
|-------------|:-------|:-------|:-------|
| [Qwen2.5 72B Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct) | [Magpie-Qwen2.5-Pro-1M](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Magpie-Align/Magpie-Qwen2.5-Pro-1M-v0.1) | SFT | 基于Qwen2.5 72B Instruct构建的100万条原始对话数据。
| [Qwen2.5 72B Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct) | [Magpie-Qwen2.5-Pro-300K-Filtered](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Magpie-Align/Magpie-Qwen2.5-Pro-300K-Filtered) | SFT | 经过筛选后得到的30万个高质量对话数据。
| [Qwen2.5 Math 72B Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-Math-72B-Instruct) | [Magpie-Qwen2.5-Math-Pro-300K](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Magpie-Align/Magpie-Qwen2.5-Math-Pro-300K-v0.1) | SFT | 基于Qwen2.5 Math 72B Instruct构建的30万条原始对话数据。
| [Qwen2.5 Coder 32B Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-32B-Instruct) | [Magpie-Qwen2.5-Coder-Pro-300K](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Magpie-Align/Magpie-Qwen2.5-Coder-Pro-300K-v0.1) | SFT | 基于Qwen2.5 Coder 32B Instruct构建的30万条原始对话数据。
| [Qwen2 72B Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2-72B-Instruct) | [Magpie-Qwen2-Pro-300K-Filtered](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Magpie-Align/Magpie-Qwen2-Pro-300K-Filtered) | SFT | 经过筛选后得到的30万个高质量对话数据。
| [Qwen2 72B Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2-72B-Instruct) | [Magpie-Qwen2-Pro-200K-Chinese](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Magpie-Align/Magpie-Qwen2-Pro-200K-Chinese) | SFT | 经过筛选后得到的20万个高质量中文对话数据。
| [Qwen2 72B Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2-72B-Instruct) | [Magpie-Qwen2-Pro-200K-English](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Magpie-Align/Magpie-Qwen2-Pro-200K-English) | SFT | 经过筛选后得到的20万个高质量英文对话数据。