Phytochemical screening and antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of Acacia macrostachya

Acacia macrostachya is used in Burkina Faso folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation and cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of this plant. The cytotoxic effects of root (dichloromethane B1 and methanol B2) and stem (dichloromethane B3 and methanol B4) bark extracts of A. macrostachya were assessed on chronic K562 and acute U937 myeloid leukemia cancer cells using trypan blue, Hoechst, and MitoTracker Red staining methods. The antioxidant content of extracts was evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) methods. The root bark extracts B1 and B2 of A. macrostachya demonstrated higher cytotoxicity with IC50 values in a low µg/mL range on both U937 and K562 cells, while the stem bark B4 extract selectively affected U937 cells. Overall, healthy proliferating peripheral mononuclear cells (pPBMCs) were not or barely impacted in the range of concentrations cytotoxic to cancer cells. In addition, A. macrostachya exhibited significant antioxidant content with 646.06 and 428.08 µg ET/mg of extract for the B4 and B2 extracts, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids/steroids. The results of this study highlight the interest of A. macrostachya extracts for the isolation of anticancer molecules.

Acacia macrostachya 在布基纳法索民间医学中被用于治疗炎症和癌症。本研究旨在评估该植物的抗氧化和细胞毒效应。采用台盼蓝、Hoechst 和 MitoTracker Red 染色法，对 A. macrostachya 根（二氯甲烷提取物 B1 和甲醇提取物 B2）和茎（二氯甲烷提取物 B3 和甲醇提取物 B4）的树皮提取物对慢性 K562 和急性 U937 粒细胞白血病癌细胞进行了细胞毒效应评估。通过 DPPH（2,2-二苯基-1-苯基肼）和 FRAP（铁还原抗氧化力）方法，对提取物中的抗氧化成分进行了测定。A. macrostachya 的根树皮提取物 B1 和 B2 在 U937 和 K562 细胞上表现出较高的细胞毒性，IC50 值在低 µg/mL 范围内，而茎树皮提取物 B4 则选择性影响 U937 细胞。总体而言，在针对癌细胞具有细胞毒性的浓度范围内，健康增殖的周围血单个核细胞（pPBMCs）未受影响或影响极小。此外，A. macrostachya 表现出显著的抗氧化成分，B4 和 B2 提取物分别含有 646.06 和 428.08 µg ET/mg 的提取物。植物化学分析显示，存在黄酮类、单宁、生物碱和萜类/甾体类化合物。本研究结果突出了 A. macrostachya 提取物在抗癌分子分离中的研究价值。