Supplementary Material for: Lung Cancer Mimicking Aspergilloma: A Case Report

Introduction: An aspergilloma is a fungal mass within the lungs composed of Aspergillus hyphae, fibrin, mucus, and debris. Computerized tomography (CT) scans often depict a cavity containing a solid mass and a notable crescent sign. Though these signs are indicative, the European Respiratory Society emphasizes the need for a more detailed diagnostic criterion. Case Presentation: A patient with a history of hemoptysis was diagnosed with an aspergilloma based on CT chest findings showing a cavitary lesion in the left upper lobe with an intracavitary lobular opacity. Post resection, histological examination contradicted the initial diagnosis, revealing lung cancer instead. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of tissue diagnosis from the outset for aspergilloma or utilizing a comprehensive diagnostic approach that integrates radiological, serological, and microbiological findings. In the absence of an initial tissue diagnosis, rigorous follow-up, including early interval scanning, is crucial.