PCOS phenotype for PA adult monkeys.

PA female rhesus monkeys exhibit a variety of phenotypes similar to those found in PCOS women. PA monkey phenotypes were refined from those previously described [61], [62]; intermittent/anovulatory cycles were defined as cycle lengths longer than 34 days because 92% of normal female rhesus monkeys have menstrual cycles between 24–34 days [63]; hyperandrogenism was defined as testosterone ≥0.32 ng/ml, which represents the mean plus one standard deviation in circulating basal testosterone levels of control monkeys [62]. PCO: polycystic ovary morphology, determined from photos taken via laparoscope during transabdominal illumination; PCO was defined as the presence of 10 or more ∼1–3 mm follicles per greatest ovarian diameter [64]. NA: not available or not assessed.