Serum Leptin Levels in Predicting Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder with significant impacts on women's health. This review focuses on elaborating the diagnostic potential of leptin in PCOS. A comprehensive review of the literature from the past decade was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. The search strategy was aimed at gathering relevant studies on the relationship between leptin and PCOS, including genetic aspects. All the reviewed studies unanimously confirm the diagnostic potential of leptin in PCOS, emphasizing its relevance in metabolic disorders associated with PCOS. The evidence gathered highlights elevated leptin levels, particularly in obesity, as a consistent characteristic of PCOS. The positive correlation between leptin and fat cell quantity underscores its potential role in PCOS pathogenesis. Leptin extends its impact beyond weight regulation, influencing ovum maturation and activating ovarian enzymes involved in steroid production. Genetic studies on Leptin Receptor Gene (LEPR) polymorphisms indicate associations between specific genetic variants and PCOS susceptibility. Combining leptin with markers like Antimullerian Hormone (AMH) shows high diagnostic accuracy, offering potential utility in clinical assessments. The multifaceted impact of leptin on both reproductive and metabolic aspects is evident. The findings support the integration of leptin with other markers for enhanced diagnostic accuracy, paving the way for future clinical applications in PCOS assessment.