Phthalate/Bisphenol levels standardized in ηmol/g creatinine according to the quintiles of dietary contribution of total fat in UPF derived energy intake (% of total energy intake).

Subsample of US population aged 6 + years (NHANES 2009–2016) (n = 9,416 for phthalates and n = 9,320 for bisphenol). Legend: aMean (range) dietary contribution of UPF derived total fat intake per quintile: 1st = 6.3 (0 to 10.2); 2nd = 13.3 (10.2 to 16.1); 3rd = 18.8 (16.1 to 21.6); 4th = 24.6 (21.6 to 28.1); 5th = 34.1 (28.1 to 58.6). sAll analysis adjusted for cycle, sex, age group (6 to 11, 12 to 19, +20), race/ethnicity (Mexican American, Other Hispanic, Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Other Race), ratio of family income to poverty (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program 0.00–1.30, >1.30–3.50 and >3.50 and over) + energy intake above recommended levels (y/n), BMI (underweight, normoweight, overweight, obesity), physical activity (low, medium, high) and current smoking (y/n). Geometric mean (GM) presented in all cases.
(XLSX)