Advancing Triage of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Subtypes Diagnosis: Label-Free Raman Imaging for Precise Single-Cell Phenotyping and Subtype Classification

Raman microscopy was utilized in this study to phenotype normal B and T lymphocytes and malignant cells (B-ALL and T-ALL), resulting in a comprehensive cellular characterization. Leveraging supervised and unsupervised chemometric analyses facilitated robust biochemical profiling of these cell types. Employing PLS-DA, we precisely classified normal T cells and T-ALL lymphoblasts, uncovering distinctive spectral biomarkers. Our investigation revealed discernible differences in spectral features between normal lymphocytes and ALL cells, with normal cells exhibiting pronounced nucleic acid signatures. In contrast, ALL cells demonstrated a distinct protein-lipid profile.