Lubricating Oil Parameters

One of the major causes of premature wear of moving or working machine parts subjected to loads on the contact surface is inadequate lubrication. This includes contamination with foreign particles, use of inappropriate lubricants, and use of excessive or insufficient lubricants. In addition to the quality of lubricants for ensuring technological processes under friction, wear and temperature control, lubricants also become diagnostic tools. A lubricant condition monitoring program can provide information on additive inefficiencies, viscosity changes, water content, coolant and emulsion losses, and particle contamination. Depending on the objectives and complexity of the lubricant analysis monitoring system, observations can be made by: monitoring and analysis of contaminating fluids; analyzing fluid properties; analysis of metal wear. Typical tests include those performed to determine the following parameters: - Number of foreign particles; - Viscosity; - Water concentration; - Spectroscopy of chemical elements; - Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); - Measurement of total acidity index; - Wear density (excluding measured particles); - Analytical ferrography (except wear density); One of the key elements in the analysis of lubricants is the ISO code (ISO 4406). This code for solid contaminants specifically states the purity levels of liquids and is internationally recognized. The code gives a reference: the number of particles per unit volume, with a characteristic size, approximately, between 5 and 15 micrometers. The data collected, continuously for six months, are organized in tabular form, with 258648 rows (observations) and 21 columns (parameters). The data refer to online analyses performed on the production line of a company in Romania (EMSIL Techtrans SA Oradea), and 4 other partners in Italy. The analyses carried out revealed current values of the following lubricating oil parameters: density, viscosity, dielectric, water, oil degradation, temperature, ISO4, ISO6, ISO14, with obvious importance for the condition of the oil, which obviously influences the operating condition of the machines, but also the functioning of the industrial equipment tested. The monitored parameters are presented as follows: id=measure identifier ; postgresql_timestamp=writing time; time=writing time; raw_data=May be neglected, it is not important (data before the process starts); icm_isocode=ISO code 4406 (icm_iso4/ icm_iso6/ icm_iso14); icm_rh=water saturation%; icm_flow=oil flow through particle counter; icm_temp=particle counter electronic temperature; icm_iso4=ISO 4406 code class particles >4 µm; icm_iso6=ISO 4406 code class particles >6 µm; icm_iso14=ISO 4406 code class particles >14 µm; icm_pc4=number of particles >4 µm; icm_pc6=number of particles >6 µm; icm_pc14=number of particles >14 µm; fps_vcst=viscosity [cSt]; fps_v=viscosity [cP]; fps_density=density; fps_dielectric=dielectric constant; fps_temp=oil temperature; oh_temp=Oil health electronic temperature; oh_parama=Oil health paramA (negligible); oh_paramb=Oil health paramB (negligible); oh_paramc=Oil health paramC (negligible); oh_od=Index of degradation OD%;

承受接触载荷的运动或作业机械部件的早期磨损，其主要诱因之一为润滑不足。这包括外来颗粒污染、使用不适配的润滑剂，以及润滑剂用量过多或不足。
润滑剂不仅可保障摩擦、磨损与温度管控下的工艺流程正常运行，其本身也可作为诊断工具。润滑剂状态监测程序可提供如下相关信息：添加剂效能损耗、黏度变化、含水量、冷却液与乳化液损耗，以及颗粒污染情况。
根据润滑剂分析监测系统的目标与复杂程度，可通过以下方式开展观测：污染流体监测与分析、流体特性分析、金属磨损分析。典型检测项目涵盖以下参数的测定：
- 外来颗粒数量
- 黏度
- 含水量
- 化学元素光谱分析
- 红外光谱（FTIR）
- 总酸值测定
- 磨损密度（不含被测颗粒）
- 分析铁谱（不含磨损密度项）
润滑剂分析的核心要素之一为ISO代码（ISO 4406）。该代码针对固体污染物，明确了液体的纯净度等级，且获得国际广泛认可。该代码以单位体积内、特征尺寸约为5至15微米的颗粒数量作为参考基准。
本次研究采集的连续六个月的数据集以表格形式组织，共计258648行（观测样本）与21列（检测参数）。
该数据集源自罗马尼亚EMSIL Techtrans SA奥拉迪亚分公司以及意大利4家合作方的生产线在线检测数据。本次检测获取了以下润滑油参数的实时数值：密度、黏度、介电常数、含水量、油液降解程度、温度、ISO4、ISO6、ISO14。上述参数对油液状态具有显著影响，而油液状态不仅会影响机械设备的运行工况，也会对受试工业设备的运行效能产生作用。
本次监测的参数说明如下：
id：测量标识符
postgresql_timestamp：写入时间（PostgreSQL时间戳）
time：写入时间
raw_data：可忽略（为工艺流程启动前的采集数据）
icm_isocode：ISO 4406代码（对应icm_iso4/icm_iso6/icm_iso14）
icm_rh：水饱和度（%）
icm_flow：颗粒计数器处的油液流量
icm_temp：颗粒计数器电子温度
icm_iso4：粒径大于4微米的ISO 4406代码等级
icm_iso6：粒径大于6微米的ISO 4406代码等级
icm_iso14：粒径大于14微米的ISO 4406代码等级
icm_pc4：粒径大于4微米的颗粒数量
icm_pc6：粒径大于6微米的颗粒数量
icm_pc14：粒径大于14微米的颗粒数量
fps_vcst：黏度（单位：厘斯[cSt]）
fps_v：黏度（单位：厘泊[cP]）
fps_density：密度
fps_dielectric：介电常数
fps_temp：油液温度
oh_temp：油液健康监测电子温度
oh_parama：油液健康参数A（可忽略）
oh_paramb：油液健康参数B（可忽略）
oh_paramc：油液健康参数C（可忽略）
oh_od：降解指数OD%