Risk of CVD-specific mortality by quintiles of meat intake.*

*Adjusted for age at baseline, total caloric intake, income, occupation, education, comorbidity index, physical activity level, total vegetable intake, total fruit intake, fish intake, and red meat or poultry intake where appropriate, smoking history (ever/never smoking for women and pack-years of smoking for men), and alcohol consumption (for men only).†Combined risk estimates derived from a random-effects meta-analysis are presented when the test for heterogeneity was significant; combined risk estimates with a fixed-effects meta-analysis are presented when significant heterogeneity was not present. Q statistics and P-heterogeneity for risk estimates comparing the highest quintiles of intake with the lowest are shown.