Validation of 14 selected protein biomarkers in patients and healthy controls.

Validation was done by dot blot assay with the specific antibodies on single PBMC samples from ALS patients, ALS>24 (n = 30) and ALS≤24 (n = 30), and healthy controls (n = 30); mean ± SD of the relative immunoreactivity of the specific antibody normalized to the actual amount of proteins loaded on the membrane as detected after Red Ponceau staining;*, -fold change as the mean increase (positive) and decrease (negative) in protein concentration in samples from ALS patients in comparison with healthy controls or between the two levels of disease severity.