Long-Term Spatial Precipitation Dataset for the Coastal Basin of Paraná, Brazil

Long-Term Precipitation Dataset from 165 Rain Gauge Stations in Paraná, Brazil (1981–2024) This dataset provides a comprehensive collection of long-term precipitation observations from 165 rain gauge stations located in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. The dataset spans the period 1981–2024, offering high temporal coverage for hydrological, climatological, and environmental studies. The database integrates data from multiple sources (e.g., ANA and other monitoring agencies) and includes both telemetered and conventional stations, enabling comparative analyses of measurement technologies and data quality. A rigorous quality control and preprocessing workflow was applied, including: Detection and removal of extreme outliers Consistency checks across neighboring stations Standardization of temporal coverage Gap handling and metadata harmonization The dataset is particularly suitable for: Hydrological modeling (e.g., GR2M, GR4J) Climate variability and change studies (including CMIP6 validation) Extreme precipitation and flood risk analysis Spatial interpolation and gridded dataset development Evaluation of telemetric vs. non-telemetered station performance Contents The dataset is organized into the following components: 1. Station Metadata estacoes_plu.xlsx estacoes_plu_1981_2024.xlsx estacoes_plu_1981_2024.csv 165_estacoes_plu.csv These files include: Station ID (Codigo) Name and type of station Geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude) Altitude Basin and sub-basin classification Municipality and state Operating status Data source (e.g., ANA) Telemetry information (Telemetered / Non-telemetered) 2. Time Series Data The folders contains individual precipitation time series for each station in .txt format, it contains: One file per station Daily or Monthly precipitation records (station or CHIRPs based) Raw and Preprocessed values Folder series_prec/ contains raw pluviometer data with variable temporal resolution Folder series_prec_1981_2024/ contains raw pluviometer data at period 1981–2024 Folder series_prec_chirps/ contains raw daily CHIRPS data at period 1981–2024 at the same location of each pluviometer Folder series_prec_chirps_monthly/ contains monthly CHIRPS data at period 1981–2024 at the same location of each pluviometer Folder series_prec_corte_fisico/ contains daily pluviometer data at period 1981–2024 with removed precipitation above maximum physical Folder series_prec_extremos_removidos/ contains pluviometer data at period 1981–2024 with removed daily precipitation extremes Folder series_prec_extremos_removidos_duplicados/ contains pluviometer data at period 1981–2024 with removed daily precipitation extremes and removed daily repeted values Folder series_prec_monthly/ contains monthly accumulate pluviometer data at period 1981–2024 after quality control Folder series_prec_qualidade/ contains daily pluviometer data at period 1981–2024 with flags of quality control Folder series_prec_sem_duplicatas/ contains daily pluviometer data at period 1981–2024 without duplicate dates Spatial Coverage Region: Paraná State Coastal Region and near Curitiba area, Brazil Includes coastal, plateau, and mountainous regions Covers multiple hydrographic basins relevant for water supply and environmental management Data Processing Notes Extreme precipitation values were identified and removed using statistical and consistency-based filters Telemetric and conventional stations were harmonized into a unified structure Metadata were standardized across sources The dataset supports reproducibility and further refinement (e.g., bias correction, interpolation)