Genome-wide marker-trait associations (MTAs) detected at a significance threshold of –log10(P) >3.35 with the PCA scores fixed model are compared with known reference quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in the same chromosomal regions.

Abbreviations: Chr = chromosome; Chr-Pos = position of MTA on the chromosome; DArT: diversity array technology; Ref QTL = reference QTL; GY = grain yield, TGW = thousand grain weight, HLW = hectoliter weight, KF = kernel formation, GF = glume fineness, SF = sieve fraction, K_RP = raw kernel protein content, M_RP = raw malt protein content, solN = soluble nitrogen, solP = soluble protein, Visc = viscosity, Col = color, Fria = friability, VZ45 = saccharification number VZ45°C, Extr = malt extract, FiAt = final attenuation, MQI = malting quality index.Genome-wide marker-trait associations (MTAs) detected at a significance threshold of –log10(P) >3.35 with the PCA scores fixed model are compared with known reference quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in the same chromosomal regions.