effectiveness of ventilation strategies in reducing indoor pollutant levels in urban buildings in China

This data wasuse to evaluate the effectiveness of ventilation strategies—natural, mechanical, and mixed-mode—in reducing indoor pollutants (PM2.5, CO2, VOCs) across 12 buildings in Beijing and Shanghai over a year. Using field measurements, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling, and machine learning predictions, the results reveal that mechanical ventilation is the most effective in lowering pollutant levels, especially during winter when natural ventilation is limited. Hybrid systems perform well during spring and autumn, optimizing energy efficiency and air quality.