StudentLife

### Context

StudentLife is the first study that uses passive and automatic sensing data from the phones of a class of 48 Dartmouth students over a 10 week term to assess their mental health (e.g., depression, loneliness, stress), academic performance (grades across all their classes, term GPA and cumulative GPA) and behavioral trends (e.g., how stress, sleep, visits to the gym, etc. change in response to college workload -- i.e., assignments, midterms, finals -- as the term progresses).

Much of the stress and strain of student life remains hidden. In reality faculty, student deans, clinicians know little about their students outside of the classroom. Students might know about their own circumstances and patterns but know little about classmates. To shine a light on student life we develop the first of a kind StudentLife smartphone app and sensing system to automatically infer human behavior. Why do some students do better than others? Under similar conditions, why do some individuals excel while others fail? Why do students burnout, drop classes, even drop out of college? What is the impact of stress, mood, workload, sociability, sleep and mental health on academic performance (i.e., GPA)? The study used an android app we developed for smartphones carried by 48 students over a 10 week term to find answers to some of these pressing questions.

### Content

The StudentLife app that ran on students' phones automatically measured the following human behaviors 24/7 without any user interaction:
- bed time, wake up time and sleep duration
- the number of conversations and duration of each conversation per day
- physical activity (walking, sitting, running, standing)
- where they were located and who long they stayed there (i.e., dorm, class, party, gym)
- the number of people around a student through the day
- outdoor and indoor (in campus buildings) mobility
- stress level through the day, across the week and term
- positive affect (how good they felt about themselves)
- eating habits (where and when they ate)
- app usage
- in-situ comments on campus and national events: dimension protest, cancelled classes; Boston bombing.

### Other Links

For more detail, please check the original [StudentLife Study Website] (https://studentlife.cs.dartmouth.edu/).

Rui Wang, Fanglin Chen, Zhenyu Chen, Tianxing Li, Gabriella Harari, Stefanie Tignor, Xia Zhou, Dror Ben-Zeev, and Andrew T. Campbell. "StudentLife: Assessing Mental Health, Academic Performance and Behavioral Trends of College Students using Smartphones." In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing. 2014. Nominated for the best paper award (top 5% of all papers) [pdf](https://studentlife.cs.dartmouth.edu/studentlife.pdf)

### Data Contact

[Andrew Campbell] (https://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~campbell/), Dartmouth College
Weichen Wang ([e-mail])

StudentLife Team
Dror Ben-Zeev, Andrew Campbell, Fanglin Chen, Zhenyu Chen, Tianxing Li, Rui Wang and Xia Zhou (Dartmouth College), Gabriella Harari (University of Texas at Austin), Stefanie Tignor (Northeastern University)

We would like to thank the following people for their input and guidance is getting the study going.
Ethan Berke (DHMC), Tanzeem Choudhury (Cornell), Randy Colvin (Northeasten), Sam Gosling (UT Austin) and Catherine Norris (Swarthmore)

### 背景介绍
StudentLife 是首项利用48名达特茅斯学生在10周学期内手机被动和自动感知数据的研究，旨在评估他们的心理健康（例如，抑郁、孤独、压力）、学术表现（所有课程成绩、学期GPA和累积GPA）及行为趋势（例如，压力、睡眠、健身房访问等如何随着学期内学业负担（即作业、期中考试、期末考试）的进展而变化）。
学生生活中的大部分压力和紧张感都隐藏在表面之下。实际上，教师、学生导师、临床医生对课堂之外的学生所知甚少。学生可能对自己的处境和模式有所了解，但对同班同学却知之甚少。为了揭示学生生活的真相，我们开发了首个StudentLife智能手机应用和感知系统，以自动推断人类行为。为何一些学生在相似条件下表现得更好？为何有些人能在相似条件下脱颖而出，而有些人却失败？为何学生会感到疲惫不堪、退课，甚至辍学？压力、情绪、学业负担、社交、睡眠和心理健康对学术表现（即GPA）有何影响？该研究使用了我们在10周学期内为48名学生开发的智能手机应用，以寻找解答这些紧迫问题的答案。

### 内容概述
运行在学生手机上的StudentLife应用全天候自动测量以下人类行为，无需任何用户交互：
- 睡前时间、起床时间和睡眠时长
- 每日对话数量和每次对话的持续时间
- 身体活动（行走、坐着、跑步、站立）
- 他们的位置以及他们停留的时间（即宿舍、课堂、派对、健身房）
- 学生周围的人数
- 室内和室外（校园建筑内）的移动性
- 一天中、一周中、整个学期中的压力水平
- 积极情绪（他们对自己感觉有多好）
- 进食习惯（在哪里和何时进食）
- 应用程序使用情况
- 对校园和国家事件的现场评论：抗议活动、取消课程；波士顿爆炸事件。

### 其他链接
欲了解更多详情，请访问原始 [StudentLife 研究网站] (https://studentlife.cs.dartmouth.edu/).

Rui Wang, Fanglin Chen, Zhenyu Chen, Tianxing Li, Gabriella Harari, Stefanie Tignor, Xia Zhou, Dror Ben-Zeev, 和 Andrew T. Campbell. "StudentLife：利用智能手机评估大学生的心理健康、学术表现和行为趋势。" 在ACM泛在计算会议论文集中。2014年。荣获最佳论文奖提名（所有论文的前5%）[pdf](https://studentlife.cs.dartmouth.edu/studentlife.pdf)

### 数据联系人
[Andrew Campbell] (https://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~campbell/)，达特茅斯学院
Weichen Wang ([e-mail])

StudentLife 团队
Dror Ben-Zeev, Andrew Campbell, Fanglin Chen, Zhenyu Chen, Tianxing Li, Rui Wang 和 Xia Zhou（达特茅斯学院），Gabriella Harari（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校），Stefanie Tignor（东北大学）

我们感谢以下人员在研究启动过程中提供的意见和建议：Ethan Berke（DHMC）、Tanzeem Choudhury（康奈尔大学）、Randy Colvin（东北大学）、Sam Gosling（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）和Catherine Norris（斯沃斯莫尔学院）。