Characteristics of six microsatellite loci developed for Upupa epops.

Number of alleles, size range, observed heterozygosity (HO) and unbiased expected heterozygosity (HE) were estimated for each locus from 76 adult hoopoes population (Valais, Switzerland). HW indicates the probability associated with the rejection of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; significant probabilities after FDR correction are indicated in bold. Null allele frequencies (fNA) and non-exclusion probabilities for the first (PE1) and second (PE2) parent were computed for each locus as well as averaged over loci using the program Cervus 3.0.3 (Marshall et al. 1998).