Various restricted randomization procedures are available to achieve equal (1:1) allocation in a randomized clinical trial. However, for some procedures, there is a nonnegligible probability of imbala
Unblinded interim analyses in clinical trials with adaptive designs are gaining increasing popularity. Here, the type I error rate is controlled by defining an appropriate conditional error function.
Adaptive two-stage design with treatment selection, also called seamless Phase II/III design, has been recognized to save sample size and time to enhance the development of effective treatments. These
