A multi-source integrated dataset of global terrestrial vegetation water availability, 1982–2023

Precipitation and actual evapotranspiration datasets from multiple sources were integrated to construct a comprehensive ensemble framework spanning 1982–2023. Specifically, three precipitation products were used, including CRU (0.5°, observation-based gridded monthly precipitation), MSWEP (0.1°, multi-source fusion precipitation), and GPCP v2.3 (2.5°, satellite–gauge merged precipitation). For evapotranspiration, two datasets were employed, namely GLEAM v4.2a (0.1°, model-based monthly actual evapotranspiration) and GLASS ET (0.05°, high-resolution product generated through Bayesian fusion of multiple algorithms). All datasets were harmonized to ensure spatial and temporal consistency, and subsequently combined to derive six water availability (WA) datasets. Finally, these six WA estimates were integrated into a single ensemble dataset using arithmetic averaging to provide a robust and representative measure of water availability.