Accelerated speciation in temperate Cannabaceae: The role of pre-adaptation, ecological opportunities, and niche divergence

Macroevolutionary processes underlying biome transitions and global patterns of species diversity and ecological traits remain poorly understood across many clades. We investigated tropical-to-temperate biome transitions in Cannabaceae (the hemp family) to test the hypothesis that pre-adaptive traits, particularly deciduous leaf habit, together with ecological opportunities in temperate environments, promoted niche divergence and elevated speciation rates. Using a well-resolved, time-calibrated phylogeny representing approximately 70% of extant Cannabaceae diversity, we integrated data on leaf duration, species occurrences, and environmental variables. Phylogenetic comparative analyses were employed to assess correlated evolution between deciduousness and biome transitions, and to estimate speciation and niche evolution rates across tropical, temperate, and widespread lineages. Our results support correlated evolution between leaf habit and biome shifts, with deciduous lineages exhibiti..., , # Data from: Accelerated speciation in temperate Cannabaceae: The role of pre-adaptation, ecological opportunities, and niche divergence

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzh8g](10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzh8g)

## Description of the data and file structure

This dataset contains the species information, regional assignment, leaf duration types, and data sources, which are documented in Supporting_Information_Appendix1-TableS1.xlsx.  Additionally, the MCC phylogenetic tree,100 BEAST posterior phylogenetic trees, and scripts required to replicate analyses in Li et al, accepted in Ecology and Evolution. The MCC tree with node numbers used in this study is also available here.

### Files and variables

#### File: code_for_GEB.r

**Description:** R script is used for statistical analyses and visualizations. This script performs a series of phylogenetic comparative analyses: it first visualizes node numbers on a Cannabaceae phylogenetic tree, then tests for correlated evolution between traits and reg...,