Early response of medaka fish gut microbiota and holobiont's metabolome to a simulated Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria) bloom: a multi-omics time series

In this study, we investigated the early response of the medaka gut microbiota and organs metabolome to a stimulated short (4 days) and realistically intense bloom of M. aeruginosa, the main species responsible for blooms in temperate lakes and ponds. Compositions of the gut bacterial communities and gut, liver and muscle metabolomes are monitored using 16S rRNA sequencing and LC-MS metabolomics, respectively. Dynamics of these compartments are then compared to explore the role of gut microbiota in holobionts functional response. This study is the first attempt to address the short-term response of fish gut microbiota and holobiont metabolome to a cyanobacterial bloom.