Data for: Unlocking Ugandan pumpkin landrace diversity: Integrated morphological and nutritional profiling for food security and breeding innovation

This dataset comprises comprehensive measurements of fruit, seed, and quality traits in pumpkin landrace accessions, alongside biochemical analysis of total phenolic content (TPC). Structural fruit traits recorded include length, diameter, shape ratio (L/D), flesh thickness, flower scar diameter, weight, neck length, and volume. Quality traits encompass fruit shape, curvature, stem-end and blossom-end profiles, groove presence, skin color (primary/secondary, intensity), waxiness, surface warts, and flesh color. Seed traits were assessed for length, width, and color.

Phenotypic diversity across sub-regions was characterized using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, range, median, coefficient of variation), frequency distributions, and proportional analyses. Measurements were obtained with precision digital calipers (±0.01 mm) and calibrated digital bench scales (±0.1 g). Color determination followed the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) colour chart (6th edition), with harmonized descriptors for consistency across landraces.

Biochemical evaluation included quantification of total phenolic content (TPC) in pumpkin mesocarp extracts using the Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric assay. Absorbance was measured at 765 nm with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and results expressed as gallic acid equivalents per kilogram of fresh weight (mg GAE/kg FW).

This dataset provides a robust resource for studies on phenotypic diversity, trait correlations, and nutritional quality in pumpkins, supporting crop improvement, germplasm characterization, and sustainable production strategies.