1. The measurement of steroid hormone metabolites from faeces in wild animal populations is a powerful, non-invasive tool in behavioural endocrinology of all major vertebrate taxa. However, because su
1. Individual differences in circulating hormone concentrations can affect life history traits throughout an animal’s life. Despite this, relatively little is known about the potential drivers or cons
The development of non-invasive methods, particularly fecal determination, has made possible the assessment of hormone concentrations in wild animal populations. However, measuring fecal metabolites n
1. The measurement of steroid hormone metabolites from faeces in wild animal populations is a powerful, non-invasive tool in behavioural endocrinology of all major vertebrate taxa. However, because su
