SSHCZO -- Groundwater Chemistry, Stream Water Chemistry -- Shale Hills -- (2015-2015)

To quantify “truly dissolve” phases of solute concentrations, groundwater and stream water samples collected at the Shale Hills Critical Zone observatory were filtered a sequence of filters with different pore sizes (1μm, 0.45 μm, 0.22 μm, 100KDa, and sometimes 1 KDa). Approximately 1L of water samples were taken at the Shale Hills CZO. The samples were retrieved to the laboratory within an hour and were filtered at the laboratory. The samples were filtered:

Filter pore size filter material filter manufacture filtration method

1μm Cellulose nitrate membrane filters Whatman vacuum filtration

0.45 μm Polyethersulfone membrane filter Pall Corporation vacuum filtration

0.22 μm Polyethersulfone membrane filter Pall Corporation vacuum filtration

100KDa Regenerated Cellulose filter EMD Millipore ultra-filtration

1KDa Regenerated Cellulose filter EMD Millipore ultra-filtration

The filtrates were acidified (1% v/v) using Optima Nitric acid. Major cations and silica were analyzed on an inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometer (ICP– OES).