Long-Term Hyperandrogenemia and/or Western-Style Diet Treatment Impairs Rhesus Macaque Preimplantation Embryo Development

Long-term WSD consumption reduces the capacity of fertilized oocytes to develop into blastocysts and that the addition of T further impacts gene expression and embryogenesis. Overall design: Pre-pubertal female rhesus macaques received either a standard control (C) diet, testosterone (T) implants that increased circulating T to PCOS levels, an obesogenic Western-style diet (WSD), or both (T+WSD). After 5-6 years of treatment, the females underwent metabolic assessments and controlled ovarian stimulations to induce development of multiple follicles. Both follicular fluid (FF) and oocytes were collected, with FF being analyzed for steroids and cytokines and oocytes undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).