Exploring the genetic diversity of the IPK Medicago germplasm using GBS

The genus Medicago, including the forage crop alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), holds significant agricultural and ecological value. This study assesses genetic diversity and population structure within the Medicago germplasm at the German Federal Ex situ Gene Bank using Genotyping-by-Sequencing. A total of 1,233 accessions (final dataset after excluding a few low-quality or problematic samples), covering 40 species, were analyzed, generating a high-quality dataset of 23,315 SNPs. Distinct genetic clusters were observed, reflecting species diversity and geographical origins. This work provides a foundation for future gene bank management, conservation strategies, and breeding programs.