Carbon Policy Data

This dataset contains data from 31 countries (2000–2023) used to analyze the joint effects of carbon tax and emissions trading system (ETS) policies. Prior to analysis, an examination of the data for the variables in revealed:- The variable “Alternative & nuclear energy” lacks 2023 data for Albania, Argentina, China, Kazakhstan, Singapore, South Africa, and Ukraine. Therefore, for these countries, 7 missing data points were estimated using interpolation and/or extrapolation methods based on general trends to provide more reliable estimates.- The “Energy imports” variable for Iceland contains only a single data point from 2009; thus, Iceland was excluded from the analysis. Additionally, 2023 data for “Energy imports” is missing for Albania, Argentina, China, Kazakhstan, Singapore, South Africa, and Ukraine; hence, a total of 7 missing values were estimated through interpolation and/or extrapolation.- For the variable “Electricity production from coal sources”, 14 data points were estimated via interpolation and/or extrapolation, including the 2022 data for Albania, Luxembourg, Portugal, Switzerland, and 2023 data for Albania, Argentina, China, Kazakhstan, Luxembourg, Portugal, Singapore, South Africa, Switzerland, and Ukraine.- The variable “School enrollment, tertiary” has approximately 19.92% missing data across different countries and years, which were also estimated using data extrapolation methods.