changes of bacterial composition induced by gallic acid treatment in honeybee larvae

This study aims to reveal the alterations in the bacterial composition of honeybee larvae treated with gallic acid, a compound which exhibited in vitro inhibitory effects on the growth of vegetative Paenibacillus larvae, the etiology of American foulbrood disease. Four groups of honeybee larvae, designated as HL (healthy larvae), SL (spore-challenged larvae), GL (gallic acid-treated larvae), and GSL (gallic acid and spore co-treated larvae), were analyzed for their bacterial composition using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technique.