Decoupling of species richness and compositional uniqueness along an elevational gradient reveals the conservation importance of high-elevation grasshopper communities in the Hengduan Mountains

This dataset collated the survey and related analysis data of grasshopper communities in 91 sampling sites in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China, including geographic information and elevation data of sampling sites, grasshopper species abundance at different sampling sites, environmental factor data, β diversity decomposition results, community ecological uniqueness index ( LCBD ), species contribution to β diversity ( SCBD ), and importance of environmental factors screened by random forest. The data were used to analyze the diversity changes, community composition differentiation, ecological uniqueness and environmental driving mechanism of grasshopper communities along the altitudinal gradient, and to provide a basis for the identification of priority areas for mountain insect protection.