AMARANTH (AMARANTHUS L.) AS A FUNCTIONAL CROP: BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS, NUTRITIONAL PROFILE, AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS

Background: Amaranth (Amaranthus L.) is an ancient crop with significant nutritional and pharmacological properties. In recent decades, it has attracted global attention due to its high protein content, essential amino acids, and bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic effects. Objective: This study aims to systematically evaluate the botanical characteristics, geographical distribution, nutritional composition, and therapeutic significance of Amaranthus species, with particular emphasis on their role in gastrointestinal health. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using botanical, agronomic, and biomedical sources. Key species such as Amaranthus caudatus, A. hybridus, and A. retroflexus were analyzed in terms of their biological, nutritional, and pharmacological properties. Results: Amaranth demonstrates high nutritional value, including elevated protein content (14–19%), lysine-rich amino acid composition, and significant levels of polyphenols, dietary fiber, and squalene. These compounds exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and microbiota-modulating effects. Evidence suggests that amaranth contributes to improved gastrointestinal function, enhanced gut microbiota balance, and protection against digestive disorders. Conclusion: Amaranthus species represent a promising functional food and phytotherapeutic resource. Their bioactive compounds support potential applications in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Further clinical studies are required to validate their therapeutic efficacy.