Baseline Demographics and Comorbidity in Development and Validation cohorts.

*History of angina; and history or ECG evidence of previous myocardial infarction
†Receiving treatment for COPD, previously diagnosed with COPD, FEV1<80% predicted or FEV1/FVC<0.7
‡Receiving treatment or dietary advice for hypertension or recorded blood pressure of 140/90mmHg or greater on at least two occasions
§Receiving treatment or dietary advice for hypercholesterolaemia
||Receiving treatment or dietary advice for type I or type II diabetes mellitus
Univariate analysis performed with Chi-Squared or Fisher’s exact test for dichotomous data, Mann-Whitney U-test for non-normally distributed continuous data and student’s t-test for normally distributed continuous data.