Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Study Patients Categorized by Quartile of Percentage of Total Number of Day of Study Drugs Use Within 180-day Drug Exposure Window.

Abbreviation: BPH = Benign prostatic hyperplasia; cDDD = cumulative defined daily dose; ESWL = extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy; NTD = national Taiwan dollars; SD = standard deviation; PCNL = percutaneous nephrostolithotomy; URSL = ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy.1P-value is to compare four study drug groups. ANOVA and Chi-square statistics were used for continuous variables and categorical variables, respectively.2Statuses during one year before index date.3Study drugs were used within 180-day study drug exposure window. These categories are not mutual exclusive.4Other drugs and treatment procedures were used between index date+180 days and the end date of 180-day drug exposure window. These categories were not mutual exclusive.5Antibiotics included cephalosporins, penicillins, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and nitrofurantoin.Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Study Patients Categorized by Quartile of Percentage of Total Number of Day of Study Drugs Use Within 180-day Drug Exposure Window.