Presence of the Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and the Puma (Puma concolor) across camera traps, with expected versus observed incidence of joint presence.

Data were aggregated by calendar day for the focal species alone (i.e., camera-trap records of species other than the deer and Puma were not considered) and restricted to cameras that had at least one presence of the Puma. Expected values were estimated from a joint probability under the assumption that the deer and Puma occur independently, meaning observed joint (i.e., same day) presence much lower than expected implies that occurrence is not independent.