Quarterly Labour Force Survey 2020, Quarter 1 - South Africa

Abstract
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The Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) is a household-based sample survey conducted by Statistics South Africa (Stats SA). It collects data on the labour market activities of individuals aged 15 years or older who live in South Africa.

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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Individuals

Universe
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The QLFS sample covers the non-institutional population of South Africa with one exception. The only institutional subpopulation included in the QLFS sample are individuals in worker's hostels. Persons living in private dwelling units within institutions are also enumerated. For example, within a school compound, one would enumerate the schoolmaster's house and teachers' accommodation because these are private dwellings. Students living in a dormitory on the school compound would, however, be excluded.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data

Sampling procedure
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The Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) uses the Master Sample frame that has been developed as a general-purpose household survey frame. The 2013 Master Sample is based on information collected during the 2011 Census. There are 3 324 primary sampling units in the Master Sample, with an expected sample of approximately 33 000 dwelling units. The sampling procedure for the QLFS is based on a stratified two-stage design with probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling of PSUs in the first stage, and sampling of dwelling units (DUs) with systematic sampling in the second stage.

The Master Sample is designed to be representative at the provincial level and within provinces at metro/non-metro levels. The sample is divided equally into four subgroups or panels called rotation groups. For each quarter of the QLFS, a quarter of the sampled dwellings are rotated out of the sample and replaced by new dwellings from the same PSU or the next PSU on the list.

Sampling deviation
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It should be noted that the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) for Quarter 1 (January to March) of 2020 data collection was disrupted when Stats SA suspended face-to-face data collection for all its surveys on 19 March 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and restricted movement. This was to ensure that the field staff and respondents were not exposed to the risk of contracting coronavirus and to contain its spread. As a result, some dwellings (621 or 2,0% of the 30 608 sampled dwelling units) were not interviewed which otherwise would have been interviewed. To compensate for this, Stats SA made use of the fact that the design of the QLFS is such that sampled dwelling units are in the sample for four successive quarters. So, for persons in dwelling units that were not visited as a result of the lockdown, imputations were done where possible using data from the previous quarter. For respondents who were not visited in the first quarter of 2020 but had information from the fourth quarter of 2019, their responses were carried over to the first quarter of 2020.

If the person was shown as unemployed or not economically active in the last quarter of 2019, that was the status assigned to them for the first quarter of 2020. If the person was shown as employed in the fourth quarter of 2019, the imputation was somewhat more complex. This was necessitated by the fact that that there are usually temporary jobs created in the fourth quarter of each year that do not continue into the following year. Accordingly, if the person started the job that he/she held in Q4: 2019 in some previous quarter, it was assumed that the job continued into Q1: 2020. On the other hand, if the job held in Q4: 2019 had only started in that quarter, that person was treated as non-respondent in Q1: 2020.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Data appraisal
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COVID 19 Affected data collection for QLFS 2020 Q1. Please see the sampling section for more on this.

摘要
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南非统计局（Stats SA）执行的季度劳动力调查（QLFS）是一项基于家庭的抽样调查。该调查收集了居住在南非、年龄在15岁或以上的人群的劳动力市场活动数据。

地理覆盖范围
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全国覆盖

分析单元
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个人

调查范围
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QLFS样本覆盖了南非的非机构人口，但有唯一例外。唯一包含在QLFS样本中的机构子群体是工人宿舍中的个人。机构内的私人住宅单位也被纳入统计。例如，在学校校园内，应统计校长住宅和教师宿舍，因为这些是私人住宅。然而，居住在学校校园宿舍的学生则不包括在内。

数据类型
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抽样调查数据

抽样程序
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季度劳动力调查（QLFS）采用了一般用途家庭调查框架所开发的母样本框架。2013年的母样本基于2011年人口普查期间收集的信息。母样本中有3,324个基本抽样单位，预计样本量为约33,000个住宅单位。QLFS的抽样程序基于分层两阶段设计，第一阶段采用与规模成比例的概率抽样（PPS）对PSU进行抽样，第二阶段采用系统抽样对住宅单位进行抽样。

母样本旨在在省级层面以及省内的都市/非都市层面具有代表性。样本被平等地分为四个子组或轮换组，称为轮换组。对于每个QLFS季度，四分之一被抽样的住宅单位从样本中轮换出去，并由来自同一PSU或列表中下一个PSU的新住宅单位替代。

抽样偏差
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需要注意的是，由于COVID-19大流行导致的面对面数据收集暂停，2020年第一季度（1月至3月）的季度劳动力调查（QLFS）数据收集受到了干扰。Stats SA于2020年3月19日暂停了所有调查的面对面数据收集，以防止工作人员和受访者感染冠状病毒，并遏制其传播。因此，一些住宅单位（621个，占3,0608个抽样住宅单位的2.0%）未被采访，否则本应被采访。为了弥补这一点，Stats SA利用了QLFS设计的特点，即抽样住宅单位在连续四个季度内都处于样本中。因此，对于由于封锁而未被访问的住宅单位，在可能的情况下，使用了上一季度数据进行了插补。对于2020年第一季度未访问但拥有2019年第四季度信息的受访者，他们的回答被延续到2020年第一季度。

如果该人在2019年最后一个季度被显示为失业或非经济活跃，那么该状态被分配给他们在2020年第一季度。如果该人在2019年第四季度被显示为就业，则插补过程较为复杂。这是由于通常在每年第四季度创造的临时工作不会延续到下一年。因此，如果该人在上一个季度开始了他/她在2019年第四季度所持有的工作，则假定该工作延续到2020年第一季度。另一方面，如果2019年第四季度所持有的工作仅在那一季度开始，则该人在2020年第一季度被视为未受访。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

数据评估
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COVID-19影响了2020年QLFS第一季度的数据收集。有关更多信息，请参阅抽样部分。